Explosive-engine.



H.' K. MRMNGTON.

.ExPLswE ENGINE.' APPuATloN man FEB. a

Patented Apu-11, 1916.

' 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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Figur gal. View rp-I cision heggcrank lease' vand"l midfl .-81 indicate@lqngitudinaljecipr f ylinclet 6. `Said. wat its .upper end;

been; compressed to the; inizi-ended'` the 1- explosive mixture isrdsnai adaptedA to 'supplyf'th p1 located' an pel-turedvalvelpl-iigl16;hiche.

th :Suid i-ihg' or f Sleeve., ieaabeinggrfigiai" nearest together whenv,the chargelw ha.

spent gases escape to the atmosphere sur-v the Apistn 9, said orts are'adapted to register with an annu ar groove 21 in the cylinder 6. Saidgroove 21 opens through an exhaust passa 21" in the cylinder 6 into anexhaust pipe 21, through which the A rounding the cylinder.

Eccentric, split spring 'rings 22, 23, the

one within the other, 'are'located in each.

of three annular recesses '22 in the side wall of the cylinder 6 inorder to make a gas-tight joint between the hollow piston 8 and thecylinder. As shown, there are three setsof said rings located inlongitudinallyspaced recesses. The rings are located relatively tooneanother with the thicker partof one ring adjacent the thinner splitportion of the other l(s'ee Fig. 2) said split portions o the ringsbeing diametrically opposite each other.'4 This arrangement allows thelrings to adjust themselves both to the hollow piston 8 and the annularrecesses 22 so as to make a gas-tight joint between the piston 8 and thecylinder 6 and to -keep the said piston in alinement with the c linder.The rings Vare sol proportioned t iat the ends of the inner ring comequite close together'without abuttingvagaiust each other w en said ringis'in operativeengagement with the piston. The grooves 22 are eachslightly deeper than the 'combined thickness .in a radial directionoflthe two rings-)located therein so as`to permit free play of therings. The lower edges ofthe inner rings 23 are, in each case, roundedas indicated at 23 (see Fig. 3) so that any lubricant which works upwardbetween the side wall of the hollow piston 8 and the side wall of thecylinder 6, may readily pass in an -upwarddirection between said ringsand the side wall of the hollow piston but will be prevented from workindownwardly between said parts. The lu ricant thus acts,

in eiect, as an additional s eul4 to prevent the explosive mixtureconfined between the head of the hollow pistc'i and the head of thecylinder from escaping between the side -wallsof said piston andAcylinder down-l wardly into the crank case.

In the operation of the engine, the head 84x Aof the hollow piston willbecome heated and in order to provide a greater superficial areafor theup er face of said piston head againstwhich t e explosive mixture isfirst discharged when entering the cylinder 6, l prefer to provide aplurality of annular `ribs which will act to vaporize any unvaporizedfluid which passes into the cylinder, and also any excess of lubricantwhich u passes into the space above thelhollow piston. By reason of thisconstruction, it is possible to use in my improved engine, kerosene orother oils of less volatile character, since even if suchoils arecarried into the cylinder while still in liquid form and in aninsufficiently finely divided condition, thc u per end of the hollowpiston against w ich they are first discharged when entering thecylinder will oier a large heated area against which they are quicklyand easily vaporiz'ed, so that a thorough mixture o f the vapor and airis made possible.

In the operation of my improved engine, as the piston heads, 8 and 9move toward each other, the explosive mixture present in thespace'between said heads, as will. presently appear, is compressed', thecompressive force of the confined mixture maintaining the valve 17 inthe hollow piston head securely seated so as to prevent thc escape ofscid mixture. At the same time a fresh supply of explosive, mixture isdrawn into'the chamber between the hollow piston head 8 and the cylinderhead 6 through the valve 13 whichis opened by suction due to thetendency to forni a vacuum in said space produced by the movement of thepiston head 8 awayfrom the cylinder head 6. lVhen the port 1S in thcIside wall of the hollow piston reaches the spark plug 19, which, occursat the timeI that the explosive inixturo between the piston heads 9 and8 has reached a maximum of compression, the mixture is iii-ed, theexplosion causing the two cylinder heads to move awa-y 100 from eachother iii opposite directions. 4ln the upward movement ofthe )iston head8^ of the hollow piston, the explosive mixture drawn into the chamberbetween the cylinder head and the head of the hollow piston 105 will becompressed between thc piston head S and the cylinder head 6, the valve13 closing by reason of the action ot'its spring the instant the piston8 starts' on its upward' movement, and the compression hold 11'0 ing thevalve closely against its scat. This compression continues until when itreaches apredetermined point it has become such .as to. overcome thespring of'the valve 17 in the head of the hollow piston and the 1inpressure in' the hollow piston due` to the explosion so as to open saidvalve and pern mit-the explosive mixture to enter into the interior ofthe hollow piston 8. lhis occurs at or near the oint when the twopistons 12o have reached tie respective upward and downward limits oftheir movement ,at which time the exhaust ports .20 are uncov cred bythe piston 9 permitting the escape of theexploded gases through said-portsll into the outer atmosphere. At the same time the compressed gasin the chamberbetween thc piston head Sn and the cylinder` head 6,rushes into the hollow piston, driving ahead of it the exploded gasesbetween the V gaston heads Sala-nd' Qandthus acting yas a scavenger tothoroughlyfeleanse ythe hollowl piston ofsaid gases. At the next,movement of the( pistonfupwardandiof the 'piston 8 dov'vnward, theexplosive mixture taken into the hollow pistoniscornpressed, asirstvdescribed, andy the,` oeration continues" as be- Tore. 1 A H j In. Fig.-I, have ,illustrated fa' modified form/ .ofmy invention whichl 3Qindicates a port in ther'cylindr Wall oommunif eating: with the; pipe`V31.?" leading from Ythe ca rburter, whichport isjlocated at alpointsuch that it will he uncovered when thehol- 1ow`piston approaches orreachestheinner limit of itsmovementeg 81 iruiicatesv a bypass locatedIinl thev wall .of"the cylinder 6 whichfby-pass Vcomnnmieates 'with `theinte' rior- (if vthe. hollow fp iston 8- when the same is approximatelyfat or near itsghighest position by means ofal port lblin the sidewallof said hollow,y piston near iits head 8*?. By this construction, thetime when the explosive'mixtureentersv the hollow piston may becarefullypredetermined and tixed...l

In Figs. `5' andl `6 I :have illustrated a modified form-.of ,theinvention y'in which the crank arms for tliegtwo pistons are .arrangedat such anglethat theorie piston uncovers .the exhaustpor'ts in the sidewall of the" hollow cylinder*Inn` advance of the, prede` tei-minedtiinewlienj the hollow piston approaehe'sor reaehe'sQthe lpoint ato'rnear the upper limitv of its movement at which the explosivemixture 1sadmitted into 1t. In the said gureslke parts varefln dleated, as 1n Fig.

'lines represent respectively. tlleiup` ward Aand downward limits'ofmovement of theztwo pistons, In 'F1g.`5, the plston 8' 1s shown as.uncovering the. exhaust ports.` 20x .in the side Wall of the hollowpistonfwhile the hollow pistontisV still on its upward movement and-fbefore-sitwhas `reached the upper limit'- thereof. f` `The exhaust ports20 are made somewhatelongated`- so as to open into the annular groove21a in the cylinder- 6 even thoughv thefliollow eylinderhas not quitemoved .into such s .position as vtobring explosive mixture to enter intoth I der having a water, jacket, la, hollowvr piston 3 headsv locatedadjacent eachotherbut spaced* the said ports into'full'register..w.ith`fthef said.` groove. The' Valvel in .the head of f th`ehollow cylinder s-fstill closed and' the spent gases'a'reexhausted tdgreat extent from the interior fof; the `hollow piston through theexhaust ports 1,20?t 4before-fsaijd valve ropens which it does, asvshown 6, when the hollow'.Cylinder,has practically .reached the upperlimtulof its movement and'. 1

Whenf the other cylinder -9has lstartedon` i its return upward stroke..Thus the exhaust '.ports are, open butfa ,shortgtimeaften the vvalve-12A is openedfthat to'sa5,,"a,v tim just sufficient "to permit'ithe..inr1sl1ig,ex plosive .mixture to drive .out l.thelflafst. [bit of 4thespent gasesflout jwithout-.perinittinglth H hollow cylinder until thepressure ,tliereinzrd the .explosion has-been ygreatly reduced. Thisarrangement resultsy in Va betterk scavenging: f aotionl lto` drive the`spent gaseslffrlll .the

lf Claim smyinventio, ,I

lIn an explosive engine ineluding.

adapted for reciprocation in said-pylinder; A said hollowl piston, andcylinder hfavi`v N apart. at all times during-the; movement .of said`piston to leavesJ chamber, an automati inlet valve concentrically,arranged in fthe. 'head of said cylinder forgad'nriittinganfex'g.`plosive mixture into said. chamber." durin the inward movement of Asaidpiston, .'jajsee y n 0nd piston adapted for reciprocation :in saidhollow -f piston, means .A 'for admittingfi the charge froni thechamber; above theu .hollo piston to the chamber within the-said hollow-piston,1 and" means `for .reci roeating I said pstons'in opposite'directions',and con',

cent'ric'allyarranged annular. flanges ongtlie. head of said hollowpiston,saidflanges'act ving to increase thesuperficial',aremgoffthe-piston head within thesaidfchallnbe..

ln'testixnony that-. claim theforegolng 1 as my irwenton I alxmysignature i 1 1`=.-`the" 'presence off't'wo -witnesses,`l'thisQnd-,dayfiof Februar-y, A. 111912.A I ff l HARRY .TARKINGTQNWitnesses; 1. s 11.

` GEoRoE-RfWmKINsff 7 T.H.,Am1mvs.- l

